护理英语：外科术前、术中与术后恢复面对面

一、心法之前匆忙

Before a surgery, much work should be done to make sure the patient's safety.

想到动手心法之之前为了确保得病童份的安全和有许多实习要想到。1. Vital signs will be taken and recorded. Tell the doctor anything unusual.第一，要检测并记录永生体征。将任何异常可能告知精神科。2. All prostheses such as contact lenses, artificial limbs and artificial teeth should be taken off.第二，所有假体，例如、假肢以及外套都某种程度剃。The anesthetist may prefer that artificial teeth be left in place. So the nurse must consult the anesthetist on this.师但则会希望让得病变戴着外套，所以外科医生能够咨询师的同意。

3. The patient's nail polish and makeup should be removed. You will make it easier for the doctor to observe the patient for cyanosis.

第三，得病变能够除去指甲油并卸妆。这样则会让精神科容易辨别得病童是否患有苍白得病。The cyanosis often shows the need for oxygen. Hairpins should also be removed because they will cause contamination苍白得病并不一定确实得病变只能输氧。还应当剃偶而等装饰物，以免造成受到感染。4. The bladder should be emptied by voiding or by catheter. A full bladder could be damaged during surgery.第四，经过喝水或者导尿清空腹腔。腹腔内充满尿液但则会在动手心法过程里面受到破坏。5. Unless the surgery is a small one, the bowel should be cleaned by enemas before the surgery. It will prevent much discomfort after the surgery. It will also prevent contamination.第五，心法之前得病变均需用到灌肠剂清空肠道，小动手心法除外。这则会不充分很多心法后疲倦征状。还可以不充分受到感染。6. Sedative is usually given 30 minutes to an hours before the patient is taken to the surgical room. It will make the anesthesia easier.第六，镇静剂并不一定在得病变进到动急诊之前30分钟到一小时内注射。这可以让过程进行地容易一些。After that, the patient should be encouraged to rest quietly. A member of the family may be allowed to stay in the room with the patient.然后某种程度轻声安慰得病变进到休眠正常。动急诊内有时可以而无须得病变的一位家属服侍。7. The patient's chart should be taken to the surgical room and it must be complete. It must include all laboratory and X-ray reports, a signed operative permit, etc.第七，得病变的得病历表某种程度融入动急诊，并且图表只能零碎。之前面能够最主要所有的化验和X光检查报告以及一份匿名的动手心法许可等等。Allergies and required medicine, such as insulin must be shown on the chart.新陈代谢道和所均需本品，如胰岛素，也应在图表里面注明。

Excuse me, Ms. Wang. I want to go to the toilet.

劳驾，王于外科医生。我想去饮水机。You need not go to the toilet. Please try the bedpan.你不会去饮水机。特地你用便盆吧。How can I urinate in bed?我怎么能在睡着洁癖呢？You know you will not be allowed to get up for several days after the operation. So you must learn to use the bedpan.动手心法便几天你是不而无须下床的。所以你能够学者用到便盆。OK. Let me he a try.好吧。我试试。When will I be sent to the operating room?我什么时候进动急诊？About 8 O'clock. I'll wake you up at 7 O'clock and put down a nasogastric tube through one of your nostrils.都是长龙。我则会在七点睡着你然后从你的口部里面放入一根胃管。

Could you tell me why?

你能并不告诉他我为什么要放胃管吗？We will give you food through the tube on the second and third day after the operation.动手心法后第二、三天我们只能通过胃管给你喂食。What time will I be back here?我什么时候能被送回这里？You'll be back at about 3 pm.都是晚间见下文。How can my wife know about the operation?我妻子怎样了解我动手心法的进展？She can stay in the waiting room. We'll tell her as soon as possible about the operation.她则会在回程过道。动手心法一结束我们则会立刻请示她。He you signed the consent?你在同意书上签字了吗？Yes. What should I do before operation?签了。动手心法之前我某种程度想到什么？We'll prepare you by shing and cleaning. Then you'll take a shower. You'll he a liquid diet for supper.我们则会给你剃须想到清洁。然后你要洗个澡。饭后你要进食一些流食。I know. Will the operation hurt very much?我告诉他了。动手心法则会很嫌弃吗？Don't worry. You won't feel anything during the operation.别担心，动手心法过程里面你不则会唤起任何痛楚。You'll find yourself back in the room after the operation.动手心法后你睡着的时候就已经在得病院了。You may feel some pain and feel drowsy. We will give you an injection to relieve the pain if you can't stand it.你但则会不已有一点嫌弃并昏昏沉沉。如果痛楚难忍的话我们则会给你注射一些缓解痛楚的本品。Thank you.谢谢你 二、动手心法里面

Operator, put me through to the operating room please.

话务员，特地三人我接动急诊。Just a minute. The line is engaged.稍等。目之前分之一中央线。A few seconds later.几秒钟后。Operation room.动急诊May I speak to the head nurse?能特地女教师接电话吗？Of course, she's right here.当然可以，她就在这。

Hello, I'm the head nurse. What can I do for you?

你好，我是女教师。有什么可以三人您？What's going on in the operation room right now?动急诊里面目之前是什么可能。I he an emergency case coming in.我立刻有一个紧急得发病。We're making necessary preparations for an acute appendicitis operation this afternoon Dr. Wang is going to perform the operation.我们在为今天晚间王于精神科的急性阑尾炎动手心法想到充分匆忙。I was asked half an hour ago to see a severely injured patient who has had several of his ribs fractured. He needs a chest operation immediately. Would you arrange for an emergency operation?我半小时之前转交了一个可能严重肋骨骨折的得病童。他只能赶紧拒绝接受横膈膜动手心法。你们三人我须要紧急动手心法吗？Of course, I'll make the necessary arrangements right away. I'll phone you everything is ready.当然可以。我立刻想到充分匆忙。一切匆忙完毕便我给你打电话。Fine, I'll be waiting for your call.好的，我等你电话。By the way, please tell the nurse that the blood bank will bring us 3 or 4 units of type B blood for surgical use.对了。特地并不告诉他外科医生血库则会给我们3或4基本单位的B型血供动手心法用到。Anything else?还有其他要交代的吗？Yes, I'm planning to use a general anesthesia and would like to he an assistant.有，我只能想到全身，只能一位三人手。All right. I'll let Dr. Wang know it immediately.好的。我立刻请示王于精神科。Thank you.谢谢你。You're welcome.不客气。After the operation. 三、心法后 The patient is in narcosis, take care.得病变还在昏迷正常，多指明。What kind of surgery has he had?他拒绝接受了什么动手心法？A chest operation.横膈膜动手心法。Is he allergic to any drug?他对什么本品过敏吗？He's allergic to meperidine.他对哌替啶过敏。Did he lose much blood during the surgery?动手心法里面他坏死很多吗？He lost 400 ml of blood and received 2 units of red cells.他坏死400ml。我们给他输了2基本单位的血浆。Has he received any other fluids?你们给他输其他气体了吗？1000 ml of 5% dextrose in distilled water.1000毫升含5%的蒸馏水。 四、动手心法后休养与诊疗

After the operation, the surgical patient often needs intensive care.

动手心法便，外科得病童并不一定只能扩大诊疗。Here there are some reasons. Of course, some common problems will occur.这其里面有一些主因。当然，也则会有一些常见于关键问题经常出现。The problems can be expected and therefore anticipated.这些关键问题是可以意识到的。After the operation, patients often need hemodynamic monitoring.动手心法便只能对得病童进行血流凝聚态集中管理。Many of the conditions are related to basic medical problems.得病童的很多征状与基本的临床关键问题相关。Some patients will he intraoperative hemorrhage or postoperative infection.一些得病童则会经常出现心法里面肿胀或心法后受到感染。

It may lead to instability. So the patient needs special care.

这则会所致动手心法后得病痛完全恢复不稳定。因此得病童只能除此以外看管。This will be much more common after emergency surgical procedures.这种可能在医护人员动手心法得病童身上极其常见于。If patients suddenly decompensate, they need to be taken into the intensive care unit, ICU.如果得病童突然间生物合成失调，只能将其送入急诊扩大诊疗得病院。Patients with severe blunt or penetrating trauma will also suffer from hemodynamic instability.钝挫伤及耐用性外伤得病变还则会经常出现血流凝聚态不稳定。Very often, they will he an immediate inflammatory response which is caused by severe bone and soft tissue injury.他们很但则会经常出现急性上皮细胞反应，这是由可能严重软骨或者骨盆烧伤所致。If hypovolemic shock occurs, then it shows that the injury is serious. The patient sometimes needs blood transfusion to correct the deficit.如果经常出现高于血容量性休克，这确实伤势可能严重。有时只能对得病童进行器官移植来可用其血液血液。Occasionally, the patient's physiological changes call for critical care.得病童的认知变化平常也则会只能除此以外集中管理。If patients he nontrauma emergencies that are related to perforated viscous or necrotic bowel, an even greater total body insult will occur.如果非外伤性疾得病的医护人员得病变的性疾得病与肠穿孔粘滞或肠坏死有关，那么得病变整个机体但则会受其严重影响。Each insult leads to a systemic inflammatory response.这些严重影响则会分别所致各个器官的系统性上皮细胞反应。It may progress to multi-organ failure if appropriate intervention is not provided.如果不采取有效治疗，得病变可能经常出现多器官功能衰竭 。Collectively, these surgical patients cover the majority of the patients who he to be sent to the ICU.总而言之，急诊加护得病院的得病变部分是外科动手心法得病变。 五、心法后完全恢复

Ms. Wang, I'm hing a pain here.

王于精神科，我这里很嫌弃。I'll give you pain relieving medicine.我给你开一些止嫌弃药。It's better now. But I'm a little thirsty. Would you please give me some water?那时候好些了。但是我很渴。你可以给我一些水喝吗？I'm afraid I can't. But I can moisten your lips to quench your thirst.抱歉，恐怕你那时候不可以喂食。但是我可以在你的嘴唇上蘸一些水三人你解渴。Thanks. When can I drink?谢谢。我什么时候可以喂食？When your bowel is sound and gag reflex returns.只能等你的肠鸣音和咽反射完全恢复便才可以喝。Then I can eat something?那时我就可以进食东西了吗？I'm afraid you can't.恐怕不行。When can I eat?我什么时候才可以进食东西？

You can take a liquid diet on the 1st postoperative day. You will gradually increase to a soft diet and regular meals after the 4th postoperative day.

动手心法一天便你可以进食一些流食。然后你慢慢可以进食软食，动手心法四天便就可以正常喝茶叶了。What's the liquid diet?流食是什么？It consists of liquids that don't irritate or cause gas formation, for example, tea, coffee, strained food or vegetable juice and fat-free broth.流食以无刺激性或者不则会所致气体产生的气体为主，例如茶叶、的食品、去除食品、蔬菜汁和无脂汁。What's the soft diet?软食是什么？It includes soup, fish, eggs but not fried, bean curd, noodles, dumplings and so on.软食最主要汁、鱼肉、非煎炸鸡蛋、豆腐、面条、饺子等等。Which kind of food should I oid?我某种程度不充分进食哪些食物呢？Rich pastries, hey salad dressing, fried food, lard, etc.油腻的早餐、过多的托拉酱油调料、煎炸食品、猪油等。Anything important?还有什么只能留意的吗？Yes, you'll do some breathing exercise tomorrow.有，总有一天你只能想到一些新陈代谢练球。Why?为什么？The exercise will help prevent respiratory complications.新陈代谢练球可以预防新陈代谢系统并发症。Will you help do the exercise or I do it myself?我要自己想到练球吗，还是你则会辅导我？I'll help you and give you some advice.我则会三人你，给你提一些同意。Can you tell me now how I will do it?你那时候可以并不告诉他我怎样想到吗？Of course. Press your incision, breathe deeply and then cough. I will raise the head of your bed.当然可以。按住动手心法切口，深新陈代谢然后头痛。我则会把你的身旁下降时一些。I see.我告诉他了。Please press the button when you feel discomfort.如果你不已有什么疲倦的话特地按呼叫器。I will. Thank you.我则会的，谢谢你。